What You Should Do to Find Out About Stop and Frisk Narrative Essay Samples Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Stop and Frisk Narrative Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind Within the body section, you must give supporting arguments for each point which you make. Be certain to use the wording of exactly the question you're working on. Narrative statements are written in chronological order regardless of what form or document they'll be written on, so the readers are going to be able to easily understand the statement made. So that your thoughts should flow in a suitable order. The occurrence of statement templates and other kinds of templates is truly a great thing. It doesn't matter in what order the facts are presented, for as long as they are not hard to comprehend by the reader. Sad to say, the metrics don't tell the entire story within this debate. Allow me to give you a few examples. Whatever They Told You About Stop and Frisk Narrative Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Stop and frisk was used and abused and young adults are scared to leave their house since they know they'll be harassed for no very good reason. The fact of the problem is that street crime isn't something which happens often in the tony neighborhoods of New York. You should understand what you need first so the upcoming steps will be quite easy that you do. It's through this approach your audience gets aware of how a victim feels. What Does Stop and Frisk Narrative Essay Samples Mean? Over the previous twelve years the quantities of stop and frisk seem just like the year of 2013. It may be simpler to show you. The Fight Against Stop and Frisk Narrative Essay Samples A personal narrative essay is just one of the greatest tools to stop social issues that are frequently disregarded. You can also check out other interesting and associated articles we're offering for free on our site. After you have chosen a topic, conduct research. Feel free to put an order at our site and receive a custom written narrative essay online. You need to make a point or tell facts from reliable sources and individual experiences when writing these kinds of documents. They may act as basis whether to grant a person's application or not. With the access to different statement templates online in various file formats, it is now very simple for anybody to make and produce their own statements. The focus of this post is about narrative statements. There are many sorts of essays, and following is a brief explanation of some of them. At our essay service, they are always delivered in a short time. The essay has to be viewed via the program. Personal narrative essays are about personal experience that's presented in the very first individual. High school essay writing is a typical classroom activity and is also part of several regular examinations. Students, utilize the work chart below to lead you in your own personal narrative writing. There are struggles that may easily be eliminated when you're in the early phases of writing your personal narrative essay. Rare or unique occasions of your life has to be cited in your essay as it is the heart of a personal narrative essay. Your life story can likewise be thought to be a terrific topic in writing your private essay. Fortunately, Kibin has some great ideas for writing concluding paragraphs for personal narrative essays that you're able to have a look at if you're stumped. The instances that may be cited within this sort of essays don't really must be extremely rare and anything mundane can likewise be written on it. An excellent essay should have essential points. Persuasive essays should have logical and crystal clear reasoning supported by facts and arguments. The very last thing you would like to do in your own personal narrative essay is confuse your readers. Following that, give an overview of the points you discussed. Make your story so involved and intriguing they forget they're reading whatsoever. Attempt to reveal the topic of the essay more fully, from your own personal standpoint, as you write your individual story.

Pros and cons of tarriffs - 1256 Words

Week 3 Individual Project According to Essentials of Economics, a tariff is a form of excise tax, one that is levied only on sales of imported goods (Krugman, Wells, and Graddy 538). Tariffs are generally imposed for two purposes, to protect domestic industries and as a source of revenue (Tariff). The effect of a tariff on a small or a large country would be higher domestic prices because the cost of the tariff is passed on to the consumer (The Basic Analysis of a Tariff). Consumers would be deterred from buying that particular import because of the cost factor. It would also cause there to be a surplus of that import. A high tariff on imports would have the effect of switching from imported goods to goods produced domestically;†¦show more content†¦The IMF is interested in trade creation and has the power to lend money with conditionality (Rose 682). According to the IMF website, they exist for 3 purposes: Surveillance involves the monitoring of economic and financial developments, and the provision of policy advice, aimed especially at crisis-prevention. The IMF also lends to countries with balance of payments difficulties, to provide temporary financing and to support policies aimed at correcting the underlying problems; loans to low-income countries are also aimed especially at poverty reduction. Third, the IMF provides countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise. Supporting all three of these activities is IMF work in economic research and statistics (What the IMF Does). The WTO, World Trade Organization, was founded in 1995 and its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The WTO boasts 155 member countries and its purpose is to deal with the rules of trade between nations (The IMF and the World Trade Organization). These two institutions work together to ensure a strong system of international trade and payments that is open to all countries (The IMF and the World Trade Organization). While both the IMF and WTO are involved in various capacities in international trade, the WTO has more of an impact when it concerns global rules of trade, tariffs and trade agreements, while to IMF is moreShow MoreRelatedHow Economic Globalization Has Fostered Globalization of Critics and Criticism?3991 Words   |  16 Pagesthe world (Naik, 2011; Trebilcock, 2000). However, one cannot totally ignore the fact that some critics recognize the negative effects or consequences of economic globalization as even the very concept of globalization itself may have specific ‘pros’ and ‘cons’. As argued by Naik (2011), while there are a number of advantages in economic globalization, there also exists a number of disadvantages in economic globalization as a phenomenon. Many critics point out that the countries’ interdependence with

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. Answer: Introduction With definition to psychology, every human mind or individual has two sides of the personality. Sometimes under circumstances of strain, the shadow side of the human mind forces the individual to exhibit and initiate a certain pattern to respond against certain situations giving rise to a feeling of threat or anxiety (Charney et al., 2013). This essay deals with an example of a film character undergoing a series of disorders (anxiety) and explains about the etymology of the disorder with relevance to the respective model and classification. This essay further entails about the treatment that can be used to treat these kinds of disorders with contrast to the best treatment for this disorder. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and understand about the anxiety disorders along with its etymology and treatment with contrast to the film character portraying the disorder in this essay. This also helps in analyzing and relating the different aspects along with the behavioral criterion to classify this disorder with both reality and fantastical culture. Situational analysis As per the topic, the character upon which the analysis has been done is Bill Murrays portrayal of a psychologically challenged individual in a film named What about Bob?. In this movie Bob (Bill Murray) is a patient of a psychiatrist named Dr. Leo Marvin (Played by Richard Dreyfuss). In this film, another colleague who was fed up, treating Bob has referred Bob to Dr Marvin. This movie portrays Bob as a complete collection of anxiety disorders (phobias) or in other words, he is an individual with multiple anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia (fear of being in places with difficult exit), nosemaphobia (fear of illness), spermaphobia (fear of germs), hydrophobia (fear of water), achluophobia (fear of darkness) and tonitrophobia (fear of thunderstorms). Not just these bob has fear of elevators, fear of height along with dependency disorder, multiple personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Ollendick, King Yule, 2013). Etymology and symptoms of anxiety disorder As per the topic, the character in the movie portrays a various kind of phobia or anxiety disorders. In other words, the character undergoes severe anxiety or panic attacks due to certain situations that effectively triggers the behavior and reaction like trauma and tends to stay in a state of panic and anxiety at all times (Charney et al., 2013). According to the etymology, anxiety disorder is a group of mental disorder that is characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear regarding some uncertain events that may or may not occur in the future. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as increased heart beating, shakiness, numbness, dryness in the throat, fear, perspiration, breathlessness and avoidance (Willgoss Yohannes, 2013). In simple words, anxiety disorder or phobia is a kind of behavioral disorder, where an individual faces two or more phobias at the same time (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, it can be justified that anxiety disorders are accompanied by or follows a chain of disorders such as schizophrenia, avoidant personality disorder and depression (McCance Huether, 2015). As depicted in the movie, Bob faces anxiety disorder, which in turn is teamed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and avoidant personality disorder (Iverach Rapee, 2014). Therefore, the theory about anxiety disorder has been justified and correctly portrayed in the film. Nonetheless, the demonstration of the symptoms as explained in theories has been rightly illustrated in the film, with clear exhibition of tension, avoidance and feelings of threat. Therefore, with comparison to the literary context, Bob clearly meets the Diagnostics and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)V criteria for multiple specific phobias, which is common and it can be added that phobia tend to be formal revolving around emotional or painful events, though no insight has been provided regarding Bobs past life (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Best treatment approach with contrast to the film Based on the theories of treating this disorder, it can be proposed that anxiety disorders are the most easy and treatable form of disorders, than the other psychological disorders, as classified under DSM V (McCance Huether, 2015). In other words, the treatment is highly effective and more likely to produce positive outcomes or reduction in the symptoms. Based on the theories and research works, it can be considered that Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for treating such conditions (Wells, 2013). However, other treatment methods tend to be ineffective for the same. Some of the other approaches are effective such as supportive psychotherapy and psychodynamic or psychoanalytic therapies, nonetheless, the results are unpredictable. Effective use of medications containing beta-blockers like Propranol (please note that these medications should be taken under physicians instructions only) can help reduce the reception of catecholamine, thus strengthening emotional or fearful memories (Steenen et al., 2016). However, it can be analyzed that Bobs behavior are presented as general anxiety disorder and depression with OCD focusing on the contamination and the safety. Nonetheless, the problems are not represented to be potentially physical with no relevance to glucocortcoids, serotonin or dopamine but his unrealistic choice of not acting and baseless fear (Willgoss Yohannes, 2013). In addition, the film portrays a fictional best seller, which is a book of treating anxiety disorder with no professional help but self-help by taking Baby Steps or one by one step to move away from the fear. With contrast to reality, this is predominantly conditional and depends on the patient undergoing the crisis. It can further be added, that Dr. Marvin uses a simplified model of cognitive behavior therapy, which in turn proved beneficial in the treatment as well as used as one of the best methods of treating the disorder, in the realistic situation (Christophersen Vanscoyoc, 2013). This method in reality is only helpful in treating children but effective in treating adults as well. The film exhibits some exposure therapy, which was consistently ineffective for reducing the fear (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Thus, it can be concluded that helplessness and glucocorticoid levels cannot be altered easily, whereas the mere proclivities can be changed under circumstances. It can also be contrasted that in the first scene of the movie, refusing to treat the patient, by the first psychiatrist before coming to Dr. Leo Marvin can be classified as one unprofessional move in practicing psychiatry, which is in turn holds no connection with reality. Conclusion (Personal Judgment) With help of this essay, it can be concluded that the film contain some faintly realistic treatments such as the casual use of CBT, exposure and systematic desensitization therapy, while the character of Bob Wiley portrays a humoristic reality of the individuals undergoing anxiety attack with close relevance to the symptoms and etymology of the disorder. However, it can be concluded that even though the film is entertaining, it somewhat misrepresents the conditions portrayed by ignoring the neurological changes associated with such kind of disorders. It can further be added that the defeat of Leo Marvin as a doctor and emerging of Bob Wiley as a winner is considerable uplifting yet a demoralizing of the practice and treatment. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub. Charney, D. S., Buxbaum, J. D., Sklar, P., Nestler, E. J. (Eds.). (2013).Neurobiology of mental illness. Oxford University Press. Christophersen, E. R., Vanscoyoc, S. M. (2013).Treatments that work with children: Empirically supported strategies for managing childhood problems. American Psychological Association. Iverach, L., Rapee, R. M. (2014). Social anxiety disorder and stuttering: Current status and future directions.Journal of fluency disorders,40, 69-82. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2015).Pathophysiology-E-Book: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., Yule, W. (Eds.). (2013).International handbook of phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Springer Science Business Media. Rodrigues, H., Figueira, I., Lopes, A., Gonalves, R., Mendlowicz, M. V., Coutinho, E. S. F., Ventura, P. (2014). Does D-cycloserine enhance exposure therapy for anxiety disorders in humans? A meta-analysis.PloS one,9(7), e93519. Steenen, S. A., van Wijk, A. J., Van Der Heijden, G. J., van Westrhenen, R., de Lange, J., de Jongh, A. (2016). Propranolol for the treatment of anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Psychopharmacology,30(2), 128-139. Wells, A. (2013).Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. John Wiley Sons. Willgoss, T. G., Yohannes, A. M. (2013). Anxiety disorders in patients with COPD: a systematic review.Respiratory care,58(5), 858-866.

Marketing 3.0 Essay Example

Marketing 3.0 Essay Marketing 3. 0 Authors : Philip Kotler Hermawan Kartajaya Iwan Setiawan ISBN No: 978-81-265-2619-2 INTRODUCTION In this new book, written by Iwan Setiawan, Hermawan Kartajaya and Philip Kotler titled Marketing 3. 0: Values-Driven Marketing or the human-centric era is the age where consumers will be treated as human beings who are active, anxious, and creative. They define Marketing 1. 0 as a product-centric era, marked with the famous saying of Henry Ford, Any customers can have a car painted any colour that he wants as long it is black. When it comes to todays information age where consumers are well informed and can compare several value offerings of similar products, then the product value is defined by the consumer. They called it Marketing 2. 0 or customer-centric era. Marketing 3. 0 thinks about consumers as whole humans with hearts, minds and spirits. From Ford’s any colour you want, as long as it is black (Marketing 1. 0), to Customer is the King (Marketing 2. 0); marketing has evolved into a collaborative exercise which is defined as the marketing 3. 0. Marketing 3. clearly lays out the authors key ideas and gives you real-world examples so you can implement Marketing 3. 0 practices at your organization. Customers have realized that their purchasing power has a global impact, and they are acting accordingly and talking to each other about the choices they make. Marketing 3. 0 explains how you can engage this conversation, position your brand as a positive force in the world, and collaborate successful ly with customer-advocates. Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marketing 3. 0 explores how brands have an impact on issues such as poverty. Socio-cultural change and environmental sustainability. It also looks at how values-driven marketing affects employees, channel partners, and shareholders. The new model for marketing-Marketing 3. 0-treats customers not as mere consumers but as the complex, multi-dimensional human beings that they are. Customers, in turn, are choosing companies and products that satisfy deeper needs for participation, creativity, community, and idealism. Leading companies realize they must reach these highly aware, technology-enabled customers, and that the old rules of marketing wont help them do this. Instead, they must create products, services, and corporate cultures that inspire, include, and reflect their customers values. With the human spirit being the key driver across an organization’s vision, mission and values,   it’ll be a major overhaul for most of us to move beyond the Segment – Target – Promotion (STP) approach and adopt a more inclusive approach. Products can no longer be sold in isolation. Consumers search for companies that meet their deepest needs for social, economic and environmental justice in their mission, vision and values. Not for only functional and emotional fulfilment but also human spirit fulfilment in the products and services they choose. In Marketing 3. 0, world-leading marketing guru Philip Kotler explains why the future of marketing lies in creating products, services, and company cultures that inspire, include, and reflect the values of target customers. Examines companies that are ahead of the curve, such as S. C. Johnson. The values of S. C Johnson amp; Son are rooted in the concept of the triple bottom line: economic value, environmental health and social progress. To target the minds, hearts and spirit of current and future employees, the company uses the triple bottom line concept. By saying that the company’s fundamental strength lies in its people, it targets the mind. To target the heart, the company hires mothers and was dubbed one of the 100 best companies for working mothers. By offering the opportunity to do what’s right for the environment and social sustainability, the company targets the spirit. Marketing 3. is about changing the way consumer do things in their lives. When a brand brings transformation, consumers will unconsciously accept the brand as part of their lives. This is what human spirit marketing is all about. A brand possesses great characters when it becomes the symbol of a movement that addresses the problems in the society and transforms people’s lives. Example Colgate, a brand with a mission to make people smile is running a consumer empowerment program called Smile. It encourages consumers to post photos of their smiles and connect with others participating in the program. CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY Chapter 1 In this chapter, Marketing 3. 0 is the era where marketing practices are very much influenced by changes in consumer behaviour and attitude. It is the more sophisticated form of the consumer-centric era where the consumer demands more collaborative, cultural and spiritual marketing approaches. New wave technology enables people to turn from being consumers into prosumers. One of the enablers of new wave technology is the rise of social media. Social media is classified in two types: 1. Expressive social media that include blogs, twitter, face book, photo sharing sites like flickr and other social networking sites. . Collaborative social media that includes sites such as Wikipedia, Craiglist etc. Technology drives globalisation of the legal, political, economy and social culture landscape, which creates cultural paradoxes in the society. As social media becomes increasingly expressive, consumers will be able to increasingly influence other consumers with their opinions and experiences . The influence that corporate advertising has on shaping buying behaviour will diminish accordingly. Because social media is low cost and bias free, it will be the future of marketing communications. Collaboration can also be a new source of innovation. Marketers today no longer have full control over their brands because they are now competing with the collective power of the consumers. Collaboration begins when marketing managers listen to the consumers’ voices to understand their minds and capture market insights. A more advanced collaboration takes place when consumers themselves play the key role in creating value through cocreation of products and services. Marketing 3. 0 is not about companies doing public relations. It is about companies weaving values into their corporate cultures. Profit will result from consumers’ appreciation of these companies contribution to human well being. Chapter 2 The year 1989 proved to be the tipping point for marketing as well. The personal computer had entered the mainstream and the internet was born as a strong complement in the 1990s. Technology also drives the rise of the creative market, i. e. more spiritual in viewing the world. Given the rise of more engaged consumers, the 3i model (identity, integrity amp; image) will be essential for all marketing practitioners to effectively handle positioning, differentiating and branding. Marketing in culmination will be a consonance of 3 concepts: identity, integrity and image. Marketing is clearly defining your unique identity and strengthening it with authentic integrity to build a strong image. Marketing 3. 0 offers not just a concept, but detailed notes on how it can be implemented and practiced by corporates. Chapter 3 To market the company’s or products mission to consumers, companies need to offer a mission of transformation, build compelling stories around it and involve consumers in accomplishing it. Defining a good mission starts with identifying small ideas that can make a big difference. To convince consumers that your stories are authentic, engage them in conversation about your brand. Customer empowerment is the key to making a difference. Chapter 4 Corporate culture is about integrity. It is about aligning the shared values and common behaviour of employees. In the context of the forces at work, corporate culture should be collaborative, cultural and creative. It should transform the lives of people employees and empower employees to transform the lives of others. Permission to play values is the basic standards of conduct that the employees should have when they join the company. Aspirational values are values that a company lacks but the management hopes to achieve. Accidental values are acquired as a result of common personality traits of employees. Core values are the real corporate culture that guides employees’ actions. Shaping a corporate culture means aligning shared values and common behaviour. Good values are the ones aligned with the forces at work: collaborative technology, globalisation driven cultural transformation and the rising importance of creativity. Hence, good values are those that stimulate and nurture the collaborative, cultural and creative sides of employees. Chapter 5 Technology enabled forces of globalisation to work. Channel management begins with finding the right channel partners with similar purpose, identity and ultimately values. Partners with compatible values will be able to deliver the stories convincingly to consumers. To bring the partnership one step forward, companies should integrate with the partners to bring integrity to the stories. Companies such as ITC limited play an important role in partnering with the poor to distribute their products in the rural areas. Chapter 6 Long term driven capitalism will make a significant contribution and they encourage shareholders to be more patient in their investments. To convince shareholders, a company’s management needs to formulate and communicate the corporate vision in addition to its mission and values. The corporate vision should embrace the concept of sustainability as it will determine competitive advantage in the long run. The company needs to communicate to its shareholders that adoption of sustainable practices will improve cost productivity, lead to higher revenue growth and improve corporate brand value. Chapter 7 A company should choose to promote issues based on three criteria: the relevance with its vision-mission values, the business impact, and the social impact. Companies should also act as good corporate citizens and address social problems within their business models. Companies are traditionally started for the purpose of making a profit through satisfying some set of market wants and desires. If they succeed and grow, they will usually receive requests to make donations to worthwhile causes. Overtime, the public begins to expect companies to operate as engines for social-cultural development and not engines for profit making. Some companies may react to this by building social challenge into the very fabric of their character. At this time, they transform the society and they have entered the marketing 3. 0 stage. Chapter 8 Poverty remains a core issue facing humankind. The distribution of income is in the shape of a pyramid rather than a diamond, with too many poor at the base of the pyramid. But pyramids can be converted to diamonds by empowering the poor. 1. Micro lending to the poor, especially women, who use the money in a productive way and show very high rates of payment. . Encourage the formation of Social business enterprises (SBE’s). The company can be positioned as a ‘hero for the poor’ or as a company that ‘teaches people how to fish instead of giving them free fish’. A SBE helps to improve their lives by providing affordable products and income generating opportunities. SBE’s offer the promise of rescuing the poor people by giving them opportunities and by using a modified marketing mix that makes their product and service offerings more affordable and accessible to the poor. Chapter 9 In this chapter, the importance of value based companies moving towards a green commitment is explained. Benefits include lower cost, better reputation and motivated employees. Three forces act for the building of the same. 1. Innovators- The innovator invents/innovates products that have the potential to save the environment via scientific research of major new green innovations. These products reverse the damage done and do not damage the environment. The innovations produce major impacts on the environment because they are used globally in the long run manner. . Investors- These are company that finance companies and individuals to do research projects in external companies or their own companies. 3. Propagator- These are companies that create environment ambassadors by spreading the values of protecting the earth to employees and consumers. It forms the critical mass or the support system that will purchase the products sold by the innovator and which will support the positive co ntribution of the investor. When all these roles act in the same market and collaborate, the green market is reinforced. Companies that promote environmental sustainability are practicing marketing 3. 0. Chapter 10 Customers are more aware, more active, and more powerful than ever before. Marketing 3. 0 shows you how to demonstrate you relevance to this interconnected, global community, giving you an unmatched guide to winning in this new age of marketing. The growth of social networks make it easier for people to talk about existing companies, products and brands in terms of their functional performance as well as their social performance. The new generation is much more attuned to social issues and concerns than ever before. Finally the book closes by talking about the ten credos of marketing 3. 0. The company fulfilling the mentioned ten doctrines is said to be practicing marketing 3. 0. 1. Love your customers, respect your competitors. 2. Be sensitive to change, be ready to transform 3. Guard your name, be clear who you are 4. Customers are diverse, go first to those who can benefit most from you. 5. Always offer a good package at a fair price 6. Always make yourself available, spread the good news. 7. Get your customers, keep and grow them. 8. Whatever your business, it is a service business to the nature. . Always refine your business process in terms of quality, cost and delivery. 10. Gather relevant information, but use wisdom in making your final wisdom. OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK Mktg 1. 0 represented  an effort to establish the superior performance of a product (Tide cleans better, Volvo is safety,)  In Mktg 2. 0; marketing added an emotional dimension to strengthen  its appeal to prospective cu stomers. We are entering Mktg 3. 0 where marketers are  adding a human spirit dimension. Mktg 1. 0 and 2. 0 is how about a product or offering will serve you. Mktg  3. is how a product and its company are sensitive to social and economic issues that are a concern to everyone. Companies that conduct themselves ecologically and create real value that  aligns with the social good will  be competitively favoured. The best companies right now, such as S. C. Johnson, are creating products, services, and company cultures that lead, inspire, and reflect the values of their customers. A key observation in this book is on Globalization as one of the trends that have influenced the emergence of Marketing 3. 0. The book calls it the ‘Globalization Paradox’ and quotes three instances of the same. First, the idea that capitalism does not require democracy which is exemplified by China – open markets do not mean open politics. The second paradox is explained as unequal distribution of wealth and the case in point is India with 50 Billionaires in one hand and 1 Billion of the population living with less than a dollar a day. And the third paradox is that the Global culture further strengthens the traditional culture as global cultural Brands gives direction owing to the increased awareness and concern in people about larger social issues. Another great thought in the book is about the age of creativity and human spirit marketing. In the information age, people are no longer willing to take brands at face value. What consumers are saying is not just, ‘What are you giving me? ’ but ‘Where do you come from? ’ and ‘What is the impact of my buying? ’ The new buzzwords are not just Value or Benefit, but include Authenticity and Social Impact as well. Thus, collaborative marketing and cultural marketing is considered as a breakthrough to the future. Relevance of Marketing 1. 0 amp; 2. 0 to Marketing Concept 3. 0 But marketing 1. 0 and 2. 0 still have some relevance. Marketing is still about developing segmentation, choosing the target segment, defining the positioning, providing the four P’s and building brand around the product. However, the changes in the business environment-recession, climate concerns, new social media, consumer empowerment, new wave technology, and globalisation- will continue to create a massive shift in marketing practices. Legendary marketing sage Philip Kotler and his colleagues Hermawan Kartajaya and Iwan Setiawan have identified this definitive break with new model imbued as Marketing 3. 0. Moving beyond product-based (Marketing 1. ) and consumer-based (Marketing 2. 0) approaches, Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. Unlike traditional marketing that emphasizes rational (mind) and emotional (heart) benefits to a consumer, Marketing 3. 0 includes a third dimension – ‘spirit. ’ The authors have cited m any examples in various parts of this book to strengthen this concept of Marketing 3. 0. Organizations will need to define themselves not just in terms of products and profitability, but in terms of their values and larger connect with the community. Marketing 3.0 Essay Example Marketing 3.0 Essay Marketing 3. 0 Authors : Philip Kotler Hermawan Kartajaya Iwan Setiawan ISBN No: 978-81-265-2619-2 INTRODUCTION In this new book, written by Iwan Setiawan, Hermawan Kartajaya and Philip Kotler titled Marketing 3. 0: Values-Driven Marketing or the human-centric era is the age where consumers will be treated as human beings who are active, anxious, and creative. They define Marketing 1. 0 as a product-centric era, marked with the famous saying of Henry Ford, Any customers can have a car painted any colour that he wants as long it is black. When it comes to todays information age where consumers are well informed and can compare several value offerings of similar products, then the product value is defined by the consumer. They called it Marketing 2. 0 or customer-centric era. Marketing 3. 0 thinks about consumers as whole humans with hearts, minds and spirits. From Ford’s any colour you want, as long as it is black (Marketing 1. 0), to Customer is the King (Marketing 2. 0); marketing has evolved into a collaborative exercise which is defined as the marketing 3. 0. Marketing 3. clearly lays out the authors key ideas and gives you real-world examples so you can implement Marketing 3. 0 practices at your organization. Customers have realized that their purchasing power has a global impact, and they are acting accordingly and talking to each other about the choices they make. Marketing 3. 0 explains how you can engage this conversation, position your brand as a positive force in the world, and collaborate successful ly with customer-advocates. Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 3.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marketing 3. 0 explores how brands have an impact on issues such as poverty. Socio-cultural change and environmental sustainability. It also looks at how values-driven marketing affects employees, channel partners, and shareholders. The new model for marketing-Marketing 3. 0-treats customers not as mere consumers but as the complex, multi-dimensional human beings that they are. Customers, in turn, are choosing companies and products that satisfy deeper needs for participation, creativity, community, and idealism. Leading companies realize they must reach these highly aware, technology-enabled customers, and that the old rules of marketing wont help them do this. Instead, they must create products, services, and corporate cultures that inspire, include, and reflect their customers values. With the human spirit being the key driver across an organization’s vision, mission and values,   it’ll be a major overhaul for most of us to move beyond the Segment – Target – Promotion (STP) approach and adopt a more inclusive approach. Products can no longer be sold in isolation. Consumers search for companies that meet their deepest needs for social, economic and environmental justice in their mission, vision and values. Not for only functional and emotional fulfilment but also human spirit fulfilment in the products and services they choose. In Marketing 3. 0, world-leading marketing guru Philip Kotler explains why the future of marketing lies in creating products, services, and company cultures that inspire, include, and reflect the values of target customers. Examines companies that are ahead of the curve, such as S. C. Johnson. The values of S. C Johnson amp; Son are rooted in the concept of the triple bottom line: economic value, environmental health and social progress. To target the minds, hearts and spirit of current and future employees, the company uses the triple bottom line concept. By saying that the company’s fundamental strength lies in its people, it targets the mind. To target the heart, the company hires mothers and was dubbed one of the 100 best companies for working mothers. By offering the opportunity to do what’s right for the environment and social sustainability, the company targets the spirit. Marketing 3. is about changing the way consumer do things in their lives. When a brand brings transformation, consumers will unconsciously accept the brand as part of their lives. This is what human spirit marketing is all about. A brand possesses great characters when it becomes the symbol of a movement that addresses the problems in the society and transforms people’s lives. Example Colgate, a brand with a mission to make people smile is running a consumer empowerment program called Smile. It encourages consumers to post photos of their smiles and connect with others participating in the program. CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY Chapter 1 In this chapter, Marketing 3. 0 is the era where marketing practices are very much influenced by changes in consumer behaviour and attitude. It is the more sophisticated form of the consumer-centric era where the consumer demands more collaborative, cultural and spiritual marketing approaches. New wave technology enables people to turn from being consumers into prosumers. One of the enablers of new wave technology is the rise of social media. Social media is classified in two types: 1. Expressive social media that include blogs, twitter, face book, photo sharing sites like flickr and other social networking sites. . Collaborative social media that includes sites such as Wikipedia, Craiglist etc. Technology drives globalisation of the legal, political, economy and social culture landscape, which creates cultural paradoxes in the society. As social media becomes increasingly expressive, consumers will be able to increasingly influence other consumers with their opinions and experiences . The influence that corporate advertising has on shaping buying behaviour will diminish accordingly. Because social media is low cost and bias free, it will be the future of marketing communications. Collaboration can also be a new source of innovation. Marketers today no longer have full control over their brands because they are now competing with the collective power of the consumers. Collaboration begins when marketing managers listen to the consumers’ voices to understand their minds and capture market insights. A more advanced collaboration takes place when consumers themselves play the key role in creating value through cocreation of products and services. Marketing 3. 0 is not about companies doing public relations. It is about companies weaving values into their corporate cultures. Profit will result from consumers’ appreciation of these companies contribution to human well being. Chapter 2 The year 1989 proved to be the tipping point for marketing as well. The personal computer had entered the mainstream and the internet was born as a strong complement in the 1990s. Technology also drives the rise of the creative market, i. e. more spiritual in viewing the world. Given the rise of more engaged consumers, the 3i model (identity, integrity amp; image) will be essential for all marketing practitioners to effectively handle positioning, differentiating and branding. Marketing in culmination will be a consonance of 3 concepts: identity, integrity and image. Marketing is clearly defining your unique identity and strengthening it with authentic integrity to build a strong image. Marketing 3. 0 offers not just a concept, but detailed notes on how it can be implemented and practiced by corporates. Chapter 3 To market the company’s or products mission to consumers, companies need to offer a mission of transformation, build compelling stories around it and involve consumers in accomplishing it. Defining a good mission starts with identifying small ideas that can make a big difference. To convince consumers that your stories are authentic, engage them in conversation about your brand. Customer empowerment is the key to making a difference. Chapter 4 Corporate culture is about integrity. It is about aligning the shared values and common behaviour of employees. In the context of the forces at work, corporate culture should be collaborative, cultural and creative. It should transform the lives of people employees and empower employees to transform the lives of others. Permission to play values is the basic standards of conduct that the employees should have when they join the company. Aspirational values are values that a company lacks but the management hopes to achieve. Accidental values are acquired as a result of common personality traits of employees. Core values are the real corporate culture that guides employees’ actions. Shaping a corporate culture means aligning shared values and common behaviour. Good values are the ones aligned with the forces at work: collaborative technology, globalisation driven cultural transformation and the rising importance of creativity. Hence, good values are those that stimulate and nurture the collaborative, cultural and creative sides of employees. Chapter 5 Technology enabled forces of globalisation to work. Channel management begins with finding the right channel partners with similar purpose, identity and ultimately values. Partners with compatible values will be able to deliver the stories convincingly to consumers. To bring the partnership one step forward, companies should integrate with the partners to bring integrity to the stories. Companies such as ITC limited play an important role in partnering with the poor to distribute their products in the rural areas. Chapter 6 Long term driven capitalism will make a significant contribution and they encourage shareholders to be more patient in their investments. To convince shareholders, a company’s management needs to formulate and communicate the corporate vision in addition to its mission and values. The corporate vision should embrace the concept of sustainability as it will determine competitive advantage in the long run. The company needs to communicate to its shareholders that adoption of sustainable practices will improve cost productivity, lead to higher revenue growth and improve corporate brand value. Chapter 7 A company should choose to promote issues based on three criteria: the relevance with its vision-mission values, the business impact, and the social impact. Companies should also act as good corporate citizens and address social problems within their business models. Companies are traditionally started for the purpose of making a profit through satisfying some set of market wants and desires. If they succeed and grow, they will usually receive requests to make donations to worthwhile causes. Overtime, the public begins to expect companies to operate as engines for social-cultural development and not engines for profit making. Some companies may react to this by building social challenge into the very fabric of their character. At this time, they transform the society and they have entered the marketing 3. 0 stage. Chapter 8 Poverty remains a core issue facing humankind. The distribution of income is in the shape of a pyramid rather than a diamond, with too many poor at the base of the pyramid. But pyramids can be converted to diamonds by empowering the poor. 1. Micro lending to the poor, especially women, who use the money in a productive way and show very high rates of payment. . Encourage the formation of Social business enterprises (SBE’s). The company can be positioned as a ‘hero for the poor’ or as a company that ‘teaches people how to fish instead of giving them free fish’. A SBE helps to improve their lives by providing affordable products and income generating opportunities. SBE’s offer the promise of rescuing the poor people by giving them opportunities and by using a modified marketing mix that makes their product and service offerings more affordable and accessible to the poor. Chapter 9 In this chapter, the importance of value based companies moving towards a green commitment is explained. Benefits include lower cost, better reputation and motivated employees. Three forces act for the building of the same. 1. Innovators- The innovator invents/innovates products that have the potential to save the environment via scientific research of major new green innovations. These products reverse the damage done and do not damage the environment. The innovations produce major impacts on the environment because they are used globally in the long run manner. . Investors- These are company that finance companies and individuals to do research projects in external companies or their own companies. 3. Propagator- These are companies that create environment ambassadors by spreading the values of protecting the earth to employees and consumers. It forms the critical mass or the support system that will purchase the products sold by the innovator and which will support the positive co ntribution of the investor. When all these roles act in the same market and collaborate, the green market is reinforced. Companies that promote environmental sustainability are practicing marketing 3. 0. Chapter 10 Customers are more aware, more active, and more powerful than ever before. Marketing 3. 0 shows you how to demonstrate you relevance to this interconnected, global community, giving you an unmatched guide to winning in this new age of marketing. The growth of social networks make it easier for people to talk about existing companies, products and brands in terms of their functional performance as well as their social performance. The new generation is much more attuned to social issues and concerns than ever before. Finally the book closes by talking about the ten credos of marketing 3. 0. The company fulfilling the mentioned ten doctrines is said to be practicing marketing 3. 0. 1. Love your customers, respect your competitors. 2. Be sensitive to change, be ready to transform 3. Guard your name, be clear who you are 4. Customers are diverse, go first to those who can benefit most from you. 5. Always offer a good package at a fair price 6. Always make yourself available, spread the good news. 7. Get your customers, keep and grow them. 8. Whatever your business, it is a service business to the nature. . Always refine your business process in terms of quality, cost and delivery. 10. Gather relevant information, but use wisdom in making your final wisdom. OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK Mktg 1. 0 represented  an effort to establish the superior performance of a product (Tide cleans better, Volvo is safety,)  In Mktg 2. 0; marketing added an emotional dimension to strengthen  its appeal to prospective cu stomers. We are entering Mktg 3. 0 where marketers are  adding a human spirit dimension. Mktg 1. 0 and 2. 0 is how about a product or offering will serve you. Mktg  3. is how a product and its company are sensitive to social and economic issues that are a concern to everyone. Companies that conduct themselves ecologically and create real value that  aligns with the social good will  be competitively favoured. The best companies right now, such as S. C. Johnson, are creating products, services, and company cultures that lead, inspire, and reflect the values of their customers. A key observation in this book is on Globalization as one of the trends that have influenced the emergence of Marketing 3. 0. The book calls it the ‘Globalization Paradox’ and quotes three instances of the same. First, the idea that capitalism does not require democracy which is exemplified by China – open markets do not mean open politics. The second paradox is explained as unequal distribution of wealth and the case in point is India with 50 Billionaires in one hand and 1 Billion of the population living with less than a dollar a day. And the third paradox is that the Global culture further strengthens the traditional culture as global cultural Brands gives direction owing to the increased awareness and concern in people about larger social issues. Another great thought in the book is about the age of creativity and human spirit marketing. In the information age, people are no longer willing to take brands at face value. What consumers are saying is not just, ‘What are you giving me? ’ but ‘Where do you come from? ’ and ‘What is the impact of my buying? ’ The new buzzwords are not just Value or Benefit, but include Authenticity and Social Impact as well. Thus, collaborative marketing and cultural marketing is considered as a breakthrough to the future. Relevance of Marketing 1. 0 amp; 2. 0 to Marketing Concept 3. 0 But marketing 1. 0 and 2. 0 still have some relevance. Marketing is still about developing segmentation, choosing the target segment, defining the positioning, providing the four P’s and building brand around the product. However, the changes in the business environment-recession, climate concerns, new social media, consumer empowerment, new wave technology, and globalisation- will continue to create a massive shift in marketing practices. Legendary marketing sage Philip Kotler and his colleagues Hermawan Kartajaya and Iwan Setiawan have identified this definitive break with new model imbued as Marketing 3. 0. Moving beyond product-based (Marketing 1. ) and consumer-based (Marketing 2. 0) approaches, Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. Unlike traditional marketing that emphasizes rational (mind) and emotional (heart) benefits to a consumer, Marketing 3. 0 includes a third dimension – ‘spirit. ’ The authors have cited m any examples in various parts of this book to strengthen this concept of Marketing 3. 0. Organizations will need to define themselves not just in terms of products and profitability, but in terms of their values and larger connect with the community.

Understanding Different Interest Rates

Understanding Different Interest Rates There are a variety of different types of interest rates, but in order to understand these, one must first understand that an interest rate  is a yearly price charged by a lender to a borrower in order for the borrower to obtain a loan, usually expressed as a percentage of the total amount loaned. Interest rates can either be nominal or real, though certain terms exist to define specific rates such as the Federal Funds Rate. The  difference between nominal and real interest rates  is that real interest rates are ones that are adjusted for inflation, whereas nominal interest rates are not; the interest rates one typically finds in the paper are nominal interest rates. The federal government of any given country can affect the interest rate, known in the United States as the Federal Funds Rate and in England as the Prime Rate. Understanding the Federal Funds Rate The Federal Funds Rate is defined as the interest rate at which U.S. banks lend to one another their excess reserves held on deposit at the United States Treasury Department, or the interest rate that banks charge each other for the use of Federal funds in general. Investopedia describes the Federal Funds Rate as the rate of interest banks charge other banks for lending them money from their reserve balances on an overnight basis. By law, banks must maintain a reserve equal to a certain percentage of their deposits in an account at a Federal Reserve bank. Any money in their reserve that exceeds the required level is available for lending to other banks that might have a shortfall. ï » ¿Essentially what this means for the average American is that when you hear that the Federal Treasury Chairman has raised interest rates, theyre talking about the Federal Funds Rate.  In Canada, the counterpart to the Federal Funds rate is known as  the overnight rate; the  Bank of England  refers to these rates as the base rate or the repo rate. Prime Rates and Short Rates The Prime Rate is defined as a rate of interest that serves as a benchmark for most other loans in a country. The precise definition of prime rate differs from country to country. In the United States, the prime rate is the interest rate banks charge to large corporations for short-term loans.​​ The prime rate is typically 2 to 3 percentage points higher than the Federal Funds rate. If the Federal Funds rate is at around 2.5%, then expect the prime rate to be around 5%. The short rate is an abbreviation for short-term interest rate; that is, the interest rate charged (usually in some particular market) for short-term loans. Those are the major interest rates you will see discussed in the newspaper. Most of the other interest rates you see will usually refer to an interest-bearing financial asset, such as a bond.

Apolinario Mabini, Philippines First Prime Minister

Apolinario Mabini, Philippines' First Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini (July 23, 1864–May 13, 1903) was the first prime minister of the Philippines. Known for his powerful intellect, political savvy, and eloquence, Mabini was called the brains and conscience of the revolution. Before his untimely death in 1903, Mabinis work and thoughts on the government shaped the Philippines fight for independence over the next century.   Fast Facts: Apolinario Mabini Known For:  First prime minister of Philipines; the brains of the revolutionAlso Known As:  Apolinario Mabini y MarananBorn:  July 23, 1864 in Talaga, Tanauwan, BatangasParents: Inocencio Mabini and Dionisia MarananDied:  May 13, 1903Education: Colegio de San Juan de Letran, University of Santo TomasPublished Works:  El Simil de Alejandro, Programa Constitucional de la Republica Filipina, La Revolucià ³n FilipinaAwards and Honors:  Mabinis face has been on the Philippine 10-peso coin and bill, Museo ni Apolinario Mabini, the Gawad Mabini is awarded to Filipinos for outstanding foreign serviceNotable Quote: Man, whether or not he wishes, will work and strive for those rights with which Nature has endowed him, because these rights are the only ones which can satisfy the demands of his own being. Early Life Apolinario Mabini y Maranan was born the second of eight children around 43 miles south of Manila on July 23, 1864. His parents were very poor: His father Inocencio Mabini was a peasant farmer and his mother Dionisia Maranan supplemented their farm income as a vendor at the local market. As a child, Apolinario was remarkably intelligent and studious. Despite his familys poverty, he studied at a school in Tanawan under the tutelage of Simplicio Avelino, working as a houseboy and tailors assistant to earn his room and board. He then transferred to a school run by the famed educator Fray Valerio Malabanan. In 1881, at the age of 17, Mabini won a partial scholarship to Manilas Colegio de San Juan de Letran. Once again he worked throughout his schooling, this time by teaching younger students Latin. Continued Education Apolinario earned his Bachelors degree and official recognition as a Professor of Latin in 1887. He went on to study law at the University of Santo Tomas. From there, Mabini entered the legal profession in order to defend poor people. He had himself faced discrimination in school from fellow students and professors, who picked on him for his shabby clothing before they realized how brilliant he was. It took Mabini six years to complete his law degree since he worked long hours as a law clerk and a court transcriptionist in addition to his studies. He ultimately earned his law degree in 1894 at the age of 30. Political Activities While at school, Mabini supported the Reform Movement. This conservative group was mainly made up of middle- and upper-class Filipinos calling for changes to Spanish colonial rule, rather than outright Philippine independence. Intellectual, author, and physician Josà © Rizal was also active in this movement.   In September 1894, Mabini helped establish the reformist Cuerpo de Comprimisarios- the Body of Compromisers- which sought to negotiate better treatment from Spanish officials. Pro-independence activists, mostly from the lower classes, joined the more radical Katipunan Movement instead. Established by Andrà ©s Bonifacio, the Katipunan movement advocated armed revolution against Spain. Legal Work and Illness In 1895, Mabini was admitted to the lawyers bar and worked as a newly minted lawyer in the Adriano law offices in Manila while he also served as the secretary of the Cuerpo de Comprimisarios. However, early in 1896, Apolinario Mabini contracted polio, which left his legs paralyzed. Ironically, this disability saved his life that autumn. The colonial police arrested Mabini in October of 1896 for his work with the reform movement. He was still under house arrest at the San Juan de Dios Hospital on December 30 of that year, when the colonial government summarily executed Josà © Rizal, and its believed that Mabinis polio likely kept him from the same fate. The Spanish-American War Between his medical condition and his imprisonment, Apolinario Mabini was not able to participate in the opening days of the Philippine Revolution. Nevertheless, his experiences and the execution of Rizal radicalized Mabini and he turned his keen intellect to the issues of revolution and independence.   In April 1898, he penned a manifesto on the Spanish-American War, presciently warning other Philippine revolutionary leaders that Spain would likely cede the Philippines to the United States if it lost the war. He urged them to continue to fight for independence. This paper brought him to the attention of General Emilio Aguinaldo, who had ordered the execution of Andrà ©s Bonifacio the previous year and had been driven into exile in Hong Kong by the Spanish. The Philippine Revolution The Americans hoped to use Aguinaldo against the Spanish in the Philippines, so they brought him back from his exile on May 19, 1898. Once ashore, Aguinaldo ordered his men to bring the author of the war manifesto to him, and they had to carry the disabled Mabini over the mountains on a stretcher to Cavite. Mabini reached Aguinaldos camp on June 12, 1898, and soon became one of the generals primary advisers. That same day, Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independence, with himself as the dictator. Establishing the New Government On July 23, 1898, Mabini was able to talk Aguinaldo out of ruling the Philippines as an autocrat. He convinced the new president to establish a revolutionary government with an assembly rather than a dictatorship. In fact, Apolinario Mabinis power of persuasion over Aguinaldo was so strong that his detractors called him the Dark Chamber of the President, while his admirers named him the Sublime Paralytic. Because his personal life and morality were difficult to attack, Mabinis enemies in the new government resorted to a whispering campaign to slander him. Jealous of his immense power, they started a rumor that his paralysis was due to syphilis, rather than polio- despite the fact that syphilis does not cause paraplegia. Creating Institutional Foundations Even as these rumors spread, Mabini continued to work toward fashioning a better country. He wrote most of Aguinaldos presidential decrees. He also molded policy on the organization of the provinces, the judicial system, and the police, as well as property registration and military regulations. Aguinaldo appointed him to the Cabinet as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and President of the Council of Secretaries. In these roles, Mabini exercised significant influence over the drafting of the first constitution for the Philippine Republic. Trying to Avert War Mabini continued moving up the ranks in the new government with his appointment as both the prime minister and foreign minister on January 2, 1899, right when the Philippines was on the brink of yet another war. On March 6 of that year, Mabini began negotiations with the United States over the Philippines fate. Now that the U.S. had defeated Spain, both the U.S. and the Philippines were already engaged in hostilities, but not in a declared war. Mabini sought to negotiate autonomy for the Philippines and a ceasefire from foreign troops, but the U.S. refused the armistice.  In frustration, Mabini threw his support behind the war effort and on May 7 he resigned from Aguinaldos government, with Aguinaldo declaring war less than a month later on June 2. At War Again As the declared war began, the revolutionary government at Cavite had to flee. Once again Mabini was carried in a hammock, this time to the north, 119 miles to Nueva Ecija. On December 10, 1899, he was captured there by Americans and made a prisoner of war in Manila until the following September.   Upon his release on January 5, 1901, Mabini published a scathing newspaper article titled El Simil de Alejandro, or The Resemblance of Alejandro, which stated: Man, whether or not he wishes, will work and strive for those rights with which Nature has endowed him, because these rights are the only ones which can satisfy the demands of his own being. To tell a man to be quiet when a necessity not fulfilled is shaking all the fibers of his being is tantamount to asking a hungry man to be filled while taking the food which he needs. The Americans immediately re-arrested him and sent him into exile in Guam when he refused to swear fealty to the United States. During his long exile, Apolinario Mabini wrote La Revolucion Filipina,  a memoir. Worn down and sickly and fearing that he would die in exile, Mabini finally agreed to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. Death On February 26, 1903, Mabini returned to the Philippines where American officials offered him a plush government position as a reward for agreeing to take the fealty oath, but Mabini refused, releasing the following statement: After two long years I am returning, so to speak, completely disoriented and, what is worse, almost overcome by disease and sufferings. Nevertheless, I hope, after some time of rest and study, still to be of some use, unless I have returned to the Islands for the sole purpose of dying. Sadly, his words were prophetic. Mabini continued to speak and write in support of Philippine independence over the next several months. He fell ill with cholera, which was rampant in the country after years of war, and died on May 13, 1903, at only 38 years old. Legacy Like fellow Philippine revolutionaries Josà © Rizal and Andrà ©s Bonifacio, Mabini did not live to see his 40th birthday. Yet in his short career, he had an outsize role in shaping the revolutionary government and the future of the Philippines. The Museo ni Apolinario Mabini in Tanauan, Philippines exhibits the life and deeds of Mabini. Mabinis face has been on the Philippine 10-peso coin and bill. The Gawad Mabini is an honor given to Filipinos for distinguished foreign service. Sources â€Å"Apolinario Mabini, by Leon Ma. Guerrero.†Ã‚  Presidential Museum and Library.Joaquin, Nick. â€Å"Mabini the Mystery. Presidential Museum and Library.Yoder, Dr. Robert L. Mabini: Wounded Hero.

W.E.B. DuBois life and role in the history of education Essay

W.E.B. DuBois life and role in the history of education - Essay Example William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an influential African American intellectual leader in the United States, who lived between 1868 and 1963.As a sociologist, historian, civil right activist, Pan-Africanist, author, editor and educator, W.E.B. Du Bois explored scholarship, integration, national self determination, human rights, cultural and economic separatism, politics, third world solidarity, expatriation and international communism as possible solutions to the issue of racism that was prevalent in the twentieth century America society in which he lived (Lewis, 2001). W.E.B. Du Bois emerged in the limelight through his opposition to Booker T. Washington alleged idea of accommodation as a solution to the problems affecting the African-American population (Calhoun et al., 2009). In place of the idea of accommodation, W.E.B. Du Bois advocated increased political participation of African Americans to ensure civil rights and challenged African-Americans to achieved greater successes i n their endeavors and become exceptional leaders in their communities to ensure progress of the African-American race. Indeed, W.E.B Du Bois suggested that African-Americans should focus on obtaining higher education in the liberal arts as this will equip them to negotiate and change a society that is dominated by racism, hate and prejudice (Alridge 2008). As a mixed-race son of a lone impoverished mother, W.E.B. Du Bois faced challenges that shaped his educational ideology. He worked after-school to support himself and his mother, who could not work as a result of stroke. His childhood experiences and those at school; in addition to the relationships he forged while at schools nourished his ideology that education provides the means through which African American can advance their socio-economic standing. Life of W.E.B. Du Bois: events that shape his thoughts W.E.B. Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868, in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, to Alfred Du Bois and Mary Silvina Burghar dt Du Bois (Alridge, 2008). Great Barrington, where W.E.B. Du Bois grew up, was a predominantly Anglo-American settlement. His maternal family was part of the relatively very small black population in Great Barrington while his father, who was of a mixed race – French Huguenot and African – was from Haiti (Wolters, 2003). Before W.E.B. Du Bois was two years old, his father deserted the family. While still young, Du Bois’ mother suffered stroke that rendered her incapable of working. Thus, the family relied on charity from family members and the income from W.E.B. Du Bois after-school work. The predominantly white population of Great Barrington notwithstanding, Du Bois never felt separated while at school (Du Bois, 1903). In fact, some neighborhood whites rented Du Bois and his mother a house in Great Barrington (Du Bois, 1903). However, a certain experience during a game of â€Å"calling cards† when a white girl refused to accept his card on the basis of his skin color, led him to the realization that racism is ingrained in the thinking and life of some people in the American society (Du Bois, 1903). As a young boy working to support his incapacitated mother and himself, he realized early in life that education holds the key to the door of economic and social emancipation and betterment of not only his family but that of other African-Americans. His successes in his academic pursuit confirmed his belief and also equipped him in his quest for the empowerment of African Americans. Encouraged by his teachers, who recognized his intellectual potentials, he majored in classical courses in high school (Du Bois, 1903). He attended Fisk University, Harvard University and University of Berlin. His study stay at Berlin led to his intellectual maturation as he was opportune to study under German prominent social scientists. He also travelled extensively throughout Europe during his study at Berlin. These experiences and relationships nourished and shaped W.E.B. Du

Employment Policies and Practices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Policies and Practices - Assignment Example Once the applicant clears this initial test, the organization goes into the selection process. This selection process, the organization usually comes into the direct contact with the applicants. The organization works on the resume of the applicants, try to get some background information of the applicants, verify their prior qualification, their past experience etc. After this, usually members of human resource (HR) department, takes the interviews of the applicants of the applicants in which they want to look the aptitude of the applicants, their presentation styles, confidence etc. In most of the organizations, interview is the last process, but in some organization e.g. arm forces, there are physical tests conducted to determine the physical and mental abilities and strengths. Once the applicants pass through of these procedures, they are selected as employees in the organization. One important activity that the organization must perform is to check the applicants past record. This task is not only to check the background information of the applicant, but to check other useful information as well, such as the employee's past report in previous organizations, i.e. is to check weather or not, the employee was fired from the any previous organization on the bases of poor performance, dishonesty or fraud etc. The references of the employees are verified. In most of the government organization, a social security check of the employee is conducted to weather the employee has any criminal record against him or not. If the person is has a clean past record, only then he should be selected. Post Employment Checks: Post employment checks are as important as pre employment checks. These checks include the noticeable change in the lifestyles of the employees, their important financial statements such as income statements, drug usage etc. The organization should make sure that the employees are punctual and giving to their best productivity level. The organization should keep an eye on the activities of the employees, on and off the work. Acquiring help from third party can be useful in these situations and these checks must be perform from time to time. Post employment check is one of the most important part of organization's risk management. If any employee found guilty in any of these checks, the organization must deal the matter seriously and treat the employee according to degree of activity. Monitoring of Employees: Monitoring of subordinates or employees is considered to be as sensitive issue. Monitoring of employees involves ethnicity. It is the right of the managers to supervise their subordinates, but on the other hand, most of the employees complain that they are monitored secretly. There are several ways of monitoring. On of the most common monitoring method is seeing the actions of your employees through surveillance cameras. But this monitoring need constant viewing and is mostly used

Macroeconomics Song Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Song Essay The poem’s major theme revolves around the unravelling of the US financial sector – and particularly its impact on investment banks in the wake of the recent global economic recession that affected the US and most of the world economies. Some of the macroeconomic concepts addressed – tacitly and explicitly – include: executive compensation, and the business cycle (Paxton, 1). The crisis is said to have primarily been triggered by the sub prime mortgage crisis. Traditionally, investment banks and other lending institutions have financed their customers’ borrowings from the deposits they collect from the members of the public. With the demand for credit finance to purchase essential items such as homes rising exponentially, the deposits became inadequate to finance the borrowing requirements and many of these financial institutions resorted to innovative financial products such as the securitization model or mortgage backed securities. Here, the financial institutions sell bonds. Those buying the bonds are guaranteed of getting their money back after a certain duration plus an attractive interest, and the money raised from floating these bond is advanced to the borrowers (in this case, prospective homeowners). The bondholders will be paid back their money whether the borrowers pay the bank back or default. Thus, it can be seen that the investment banks here shoulder substantial risks (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). The main problem was that these loans were made out to a segment of the market that is considered risky due to its low income and poor credit history. This segment has been referred to as the sub-prime mortgage segment. As long as the prices of homes continued to rise, this model of financing home purchases made sense because the borrowers could refinance their home purchases. However, and against all expectations, the real estate bubble that had been so prolonged in the country burst, and home prices began trending south at a dramatic rate. The import of all these is that the sub prime mortgage borrowers were unable to pay back what they had borrowed. They defaulted, leading to massive foreclosures (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). The loans that had been made out by the financial institutions were in the tune of billions of dollars. When these borrowers defaulted, the banks were left holding toxic assets, which they wrote down leading to massive losses. A number of them were pushed to the brink of bankruptcy. These include: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Goldman Sachs, AIG, Merrill Lynch, Bears Stearns and Lehman Brothers (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). It is this backdrop that provides the context for the poem. The poet parodies the false sense of security that these institutions had projected – for long, investment bankers such as Lehman Brothers had been viewed as beacons of stability in the American economy, doling out priceless advice to Americans on maters economic. But as the poet shows, the sub prime mortgage crisis unmasked them for who they are, left them at a loss of what to do, and they have turned out to be â€Å"the blind leading the blind†(Paxton, 1). One wonders how, with all their wisdom, the investment bankers could have hedged their risks upon such a risky market as the sub-prime mortgage segment. One of the immediate responses to the financial crisis was the rollout of a bailout package by the US government (whose worth was â€Å"seven hundred million grand,† in the words of the poet) (Paxton, 1). The failing institutions were major beneficiaries of this bailout package. According to Nanking (1), Bears Stearns was bought by JP Chase for $236 million, with the Federal Reserve Bank providing a staggering $30 billion to facilitate its purchase. Courtesy of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, the government is said to have put in some $400 billion in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The AIG on its part received at least four cash bailouts, all of them amounting to $180 billion in total (Nanking, 1). The poet strongly questions the ethics behind these bailout packages, given that the crisis that affected the investment banks was largely self-inflicted. For example, apart from poor judgment resulting in the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the problems which the banks faced were also catalyzed by poor management practices such as excessive executive pay. The problems facing the banks also broke out at a time the issue of executive pay was coming under the spotlight. For example, Linn (2) writes that in 1970, top executives were earning 44 times what subordinate workers got and that by 2007 this had jumped to 344 times what the subordinate employees got. More telling is the fact that the CEO’s of Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, two of the failed investment bankers, received a total of over $117 million in spite of leading their organizations down the drain (Bass and Beamish, 1). Lloyd Blankfein, Goldman Sach’s top honcho, got $54 million, when the bank made a loss, with the 116 investment banks that had been short listed for aid under the bailout package having paid a cool $1.6 billion as bonuses to their CEO’s. AIG was mulling paying its CEO $165 million, when it had made a loss of over $60 billion (Bass and Beamish, 1). Given that these banks had been advanced cash under the bailout plan (which itself is from taxpayer funds), it is logical to assert that it is the average American (who earns 344 times less what the CEO gets) who is being made to pay for the mistakes of the CEO’s. It is this obscenity that the poem seems to rant about. Listen to the poet: â€Å"And it said that failure was the only crime. If you really screwed things up, then you were through; Now––surprise!––there is a different point of view. All that crazy rooty-tootin’ And that golden parachutin’ Means that someone’s making millions––just not you!† Works Cited: BBC. (2007). The downturn in facts and figures. 21 Nov 2007. 28 May 2010.   http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7302341.stm Bass, Frank and Beamish, Rita. (2008). AP Study Finds $1.6B Went To Bailed-Out Bank Execs. 22 Dec 2008. 29 May 2010.   http://corridornews.blogspot.com/2008/12/investment-bank-executives-pork-out-on.html Linn, Allison. (2009). â€Å"AIG flap gives ammunition to critics of high pay.† MSNBC. Mar 20th 2009. 29 May 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29791834/ Nankin, Jesse. (2009). History of U.S. govt bailouts. 1 Nov 2009. 29 May 2010. http://www.propublica.org/special/bailout-aftermaths#penncentral Paxton, Tom. I am changing my name to Fannie Mae. Rasmus, Jack. (2008). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac: phase two of the financial crisis. Sep 2008. 28 May 2009. http://www.zcommunications.org/zmag/viewArticle/18717 Zeese, Kevin. (2008). The causes of the auto crisis. 25 Nov 2008. 28 May 2009. http://www.countercurrents.org/zeese251108.htm

College Admissions Essay: Dilemma of the Deserted Island :: College Admissions Essays

Dilemma of the Deserted Island    The following question has been asked: What three things I would take with me if I were forced to live on a deserted island? Here are my thoughts:-    1. A YOUNG JACK RUSSELL TERRIER - Training him might keep me occupied for a while and he could guard the camp at night (Hey, there might be large animals prowling the night. Which reminds me of my neighbor, Colin.) My main reason though, is to provide companionship.    My first thought was to bring a human companion, (me Jane, you Tarzan), but I don't know anyone who would want to be stranded with me and I wouldn't want to live alone with someone I had brought against their will. Catch 22.    2. A MACHETE - It can act as a knife, ax, sword and if desperate, it could be used as a hot plate over a fire.    No one told me what sort of island it would be, so I've tried to think of the most versatile tool to bring. With a machete I should be able to make a shelter, fashion other tools and spend many hours learning to whittle. But I really think I would feel more secure with one in my hand if I was attacked by say, a hungry lion. You might be surprised what a sharp machete is capable of and I hope the lion would be too.    3. A MEDIUM SIZED COOKING POT - I've done enough camping to know how difficult things can get without an easy way of cooking.    It would also come in handy for rendering animal fat for my home made lanterns, distilling salt water if there is no running water, (Most Australian islands are dry), it would catch the drips from the mandatory leak in my man-made shelter and finally I could use it to make monotonous music to amuse the dog.

Industry Trends in Charter Schools

Industry Trends A charter schools is a new or converted public schools that are started by parents seeking another alternative to other existing schools in the area. Charter schools have been developed to serve a particular mission such as on art, or with a particular ethnic emphasis. Charter schools are still public schools. However, there is strict accountability to maintain high standards and charter schools are given freedom from many of the regulations that apply to other public schools, which allows for greater flexibility and innovation in the classroom (INCS).Charter schools are helping in closing the achievement gap that often happen in traditional public schools. They are raising the bar of what is possible and what should be expected in public education. Charter schools are effective for lower income and lower achieving students and aide in shattering low expectations and breaking through long-standing barriers that have prevented large numbers of students from underserved communities from achieving educational success. Studies have been shown some show charters outperforming traditional public schools.Compared to students in the matched public school, charter students are 5. 2 percent more likely to be proficient in reading and 3. 2 percent more likely to be proficient in math on their state's exams (Hoxby, p. 1). One of the many benefits of transforming to a charter schools is to be provide educational alternatives to families that would otherwise have no ability to choose a school. Middle-income families in the United States typically choose a school by choosing their residence and they often enjoy substantially freedom of choice.High-income families can choose a school by choosing residence in affluent neighborhoods whose property taxes also aide in financing schools in addition to state funds or they can afford to pay private school tuition. Thus, they can often choose over a variety of public and private schools. Low income families typically h ave little ability to choose a school and the property taxes which are usually low fund the school. Meaning limits on choice are few (Hoxby p. 18).Charter schools which are held to the same standards as public schools must take the same tests that are yielded to students in traditional public schools. However, accountability is different, tougher and parents are held accountable as well due to mandatory parental involvement. Parents that are vigorously involved in their child’s education will do better academically. Charter Schools offer parents in addition to board members and superintendent the chance to create schools that reflect their visions for their child’s education. Current IssuesSome educators feel that charter schools are not effective and have not been around long enough to prove if they are actually efficient. Cohen feels that they are performing worse than most traditional public schools even with all the funding they receive. The reasoning behind this i s due to inconsistency in staff because of the high turnover which can be equivalent to some traditional schools in poverty stricken neighborhoods. As she said, â€Å"all schools have their deficiencies, additional monies that charter schools receive could go to improve traditional public school educational reform† (Cohen).There are many educators who are for charter schools as stated by Jefferson Morales who claims â€Å"charter schools have the greatest chance to thrive when working collectively with administrators, teachers, students and parents which are all stakeholders in making sure that academic success is obtained. He also expresses that charters adhere to safe and systematic environment that is conducive to learning. It also allows for individualized instruction because the class sizes are smaller than traditional public schools, charters value quality teaching from great teachers of all walks of life.The curriculum is content-rich that is proven by research based instructional practices, teachers attend effective professional development seminars and charter schools have higher parental involvement† (Morales). Competiveness Those who back charter schools believe that charters create competition in the educational market, requiring traditional public schools to improve. Critics do not believe that competition encourages positive results and are concerned that the flowing of funds to charter schools will lessen the performance of traditional public schools and in so doing hurt students in traditional school settings.Zimmer and Gill, et al. , (2009) states studies that have examined systemic effects have used school level measures of competition, such as the distance from the charter school to nearby public schools or the proportion of the district’s students who are enrolled in charter schools. Hoxby (2002) and Bettinger (2005) used school-level outcomes to estimate competitive effects, while Holmes, DeSimone, and Rupp (2003); Bif ulco and Ladd (2006); Sass (2006); and Booker, Gilpatric, et al. (2005) used student-level data for more-refined analyses of competition in, North Carolina, Florida, and Texas.Generally, these studies found small, positive competitive effects or no effects on students in nearby traditional public schools (p. 77). Although studies have provided for understanding of the competiveness of charters and traditional schools the effects may differ across states and laws for two reasons. Zimmer (2010) First, there is considerable variation across the country in the extent to which school-district enrollments are growing or shrinking. In rapidly growing districts charter schools may act more like a release valve than a source of competitive pressure.Second, the specific details of charter laws and policies may determine the extent to which school districts feel competitive pressure. For example, states may have laws, in which districts do not lose the money when a student transfers to a chart er school, which in turn traditional schools do not have to compete for funding incentives for students (p. 79). For, instance there can only be 75 charter schools created in Chicago and 45 outside of Chicago. Laws governing charter schools in a state may require only so many schools which can restrict the competiveness between traditional and charter schools.Budgeting/Financing According to Illinois Network of Charter Schools, charters can seek and receive funding from several sources including individuals, businesses, fundraising and foundations. In addition, the U. S. Department of Education and the Walton Family Foundation each offers grants for starting charters. The Walton Family Foundation funding helps with the startup and planning of charter school. WFF currently offers three types of Startup Grants (INCS). †¢Pre-Authorization:$30,000 Maximum †¢Post-Authorization:$220,000 Maximum †¢Combination Startup: $250,000 MaximumThe Charter School Program which is a fed eral program provides up to 36 months of funding to charter schools from the time they submit a complete charter application through their second year of operations. CSP offers two ways that a charter can receive funds (INCS). †¢Through State Education Agencies †¢Directly to Charter Schools These funds will serve to assist new charter schools during the critical detailed planning stages and initial start-up of operations through pre-charter planning, program design, and initial start-up of operations through pre-charter planning, program design, and implementation grants (ISBE).In addition to the other options mentioned in funding the converted charter the district spent 9,517 per student. Converting to a charter will allow for more funds to be spent per child as compared to other districts that spend $12,000-$15,000 per student. This will greatly influence resources and training need to assist in the school meeting AYP. Under the No Child Left Behind law, schools are meas ured by how well students are doing. If students continue not to meet expectations it can result in teachers being replaced or the school closes. Operating Expenses Students (Traditional)The following charts show funding sources that District currently receives. Converting to a charter school would provide additional funding for improving districts Obtained from ISBE Recommendations Charter Schools are product of educational reform; Jordan Middle School is public school located in Chicago, IL this educational institution services African American and Hispanic children in grades 6th-8th. The school has been not made Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in four years. Yes, scores have been increasing yearly but has not meet state requirements as of today.If requirements are not meet in the fifth year Illinois State Board of Education will come in and take over the school. As shown in the chart below only 70. 9% of students out of 534 are meeting the Illinois Standardized Assessment Test. Th e ISAT score for the state is 82. 0% (ISBE). Teachers and parents are requesting that the School District convert the middle school to a charter school. Under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law, all schools are encouraged to have very high participation rates on their state’s exam in order to make Adequate Yearly Progress.Transforming the middle school from a public school to charter school will provide an opportunity to implement school-level reform and support new innovations which will improve student learning and assist in meeting AYP. The Superintendent and Board Members can work with charter school requesters to suggest mechanisms that will line up the petition and the district’s goals and vision for student learning. This chart was obtained by Illinois Interactive Report Card shows ISAT score for 2011 which indicates that the middle school did not meet AYP. References http://iirc. niu. edu/District. aspx? istrictid=07016143502011) http://incschools. org/start_a _charter/startupfunding/ Hoxby, M. Caroline. (December, 2004). Achievement in charter schools and regular public schools in the united states understanding the differences (pg. , 1 & 18). Retrieved on January 1, 2012 from http://www. vanderbilt. edu/schoolchoice/downloads/papers/hoxby2004. pdf J. Cohen (personal communication, December 16, 2011 J. Morales (personal communication, November 20, 2011) Zimmer, R. , Gill, B. , Lavertu S. , Sass, T. , & White, B. (2009) Charter schools in eight states: effects on achievement, attainment, integration and competition. RAND Corporation, 77.

Natureview Farm

Table of Contents Introduction2 Main Issues3 Company Background3 Natureview’s Profile Products4 Market Trends Analysis for organic product4 Yogurt Market Trends5 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Packaging6 Yogurt Market Segmentation by region7 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Competitors8 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel10 SWOT Analysis10 Analysis of Strategic planning Options11 Recommendations14 References14 Introduction Fundamentally, this paper is about our findings of the Natureview Farm’s case study.In order to understand comprehensively about this company, we need to investigate further for the company’s past and current activities which is it will affect future growth of the company. All of this information is imperative to us in decision making process. Moreover, we could also make a decision what is the best strategy for the Natureview Farm. To understand thoroughly about the company, we need to: * Analyze the company's history, development, and growth. * Analyze the external environment. * Evaluate the SWOT analysis. Explain each option of the Natureview Farm based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. * Make recommendations. Main Issues Currently the company faced a new challenge situation – to identify the best marketing plan in order to grow revenues by over 50% before the end of 2001. The main focus of the company was whether to expand into the supermarket channel to achieve their expected revenue. A decision which would represent a major departure from the company’s established channel strategy and which would impact every aspect of Natureview’s business.Company Background Established in 1989, Natureview Farm is a small yogurt manufacturer which emphasizes the use of natural ingredients and a special process that gave the yogurt its unique smooth, creamy texture without the artificial thickeners which produces high quality yogurt. The yogurt was manufactured at the Natureview farm producti on facility in Cabot, Vermont started with 2 sizes of cup in two flavours- plain and vanilla. The sizes of cup are 8-ounce (Oz) and 32-ounce (Oz).Natureview Farm’s revenue had growth from less than $100,000 to 13Millions as reported in income statement 1999. Because of the emphasize of natural ingredients and it strong reputation for high quality and great taste help the company to grow up to national distribution went on to attain leadership in nature food. By the year 2000, the company producing 12 refrigerated yogurt flavours in 8-Oz and 4 flavours in 32-Oz. The company had also started exploring Multipack yogurt products for the child package in 4-Oz cup and yogurt package in tubes.Even though in 1997, Jim Wagner as Chief financial Officer has recommendation to arrange for an equity infusion from a venture capital firm to fund strategic investments are successful, the investor now needed cash out of its investment in Natureview. Now Natureview management has faced critica l problem and need to find another investor itself because their current goal is to increase revenues to $20 million before the end of 2001. * Natureview’s Profile Products Yogurt is a dairy product, the result of milk fermented in a carefully controlled environment.Special bacteria added to the milk change its texture and give yogurt its unique health properties – it is a good source of calcium and improves digestion. Below are the criteria of the nature’s product: 1. Natureview yogurt flavour and texture was the company’s founder’s family yogurt recipe, the recipe used natural ingredient and no artificial thickeners which produce great and high quality taste. 2. The company used milk from cows untreated with rGBH, an artificial growth hormone that increased milk production. 3.Because of their special process and ingredient, Natureview life span on the shelf was 50 days longer compared to other competition’s only 30 days. 4. Natureview has 12 refrigerated yogurt flavour in 8-Oz and four flavours in 32-Oz cups. Market Trends Analysis for organic product 1. The organic foods market, worth $6. 5 billion in 1999, was predicted to grow to $13. 3 billion in 2003. 2. Generally, organic product consumer tended to have higher incomes, have more education, and live in the Northeast and West. 3. 67 % of U. S. ouseholds specify that price was a barrier to their purchase of organic foods and 58% of consumer expressed that they would buy a more organic product if it were cheaper. 4. 44% of consumers want a wider selection of organic product in supermarkets. 5. Below are market trend findings : * Yogurt Market Trends A comprehensive analysis must be applied in order to understand and evaluate the market trends of yogurt product. It is important for the management to focus on the areas that are needed for improvement especially on customers’ satisfaction because it will yield greater profitability for the company.For instance, the management should know better on what are the current market trends and their customers’ wants from their product. In addition, some factors in purchasing decisions that are made by customers should be analyzed by the company. Several factors in purchasing decisions are such as packaging, flavour, price, freshness and ingredients of the yogurt. Such product measurements are imperative not only to maintain the quality of the product itself, but it also will retain and attract more customers for choosing Natureview Farm’s yogurt rather than competitors’ yogurt. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by PackagingBased on the market trends, the most popular sizes of yogurt cups were in 6-oz and 8-oz which contributed to 3% of the segment’s growth per year. In addition, these also were representing 74% of total category supermarkets sales in U. S. dollars. Women especially bought 8-oz yogurt cups because of their health consciousness. The second largest segment is multipacks size which represented 9% total category supermarkets sales with 12. 5% growth per year. This second largest segment customarily consumed by children because of their mothers concern about their health and fastest growth.The last segment which is 32-oz. cup size represented 8% of total category supermarkets sales and was growing at a modest of 2%. Normally, the buyers of 32-oz. were heavy yogurt consumers. They are either consumed the yogurt plain, added some ingredients or used it in recipes. Plain and vanilla were the most famous flavours. Buyers also put brand, expiration date and price as important purchase criteria for this size of yogurt. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Region Based on the market segmentation by region, it could be identified that the West and the Northeast possess high market shares.The West contributed to 27% whereas the Northeast contributed to 26% of national U. S. market. The main factors that contributed to these high percentages were the shop pers who live in the West and the Northeast have higher incomes and more education. In addition, the Southeast possesses 25% and the Midwest possesses 22% of market shares. Regardless of channel or distribution, the buyers’ habit of buying yogurt depended on their unique characteristics. Some of buyers were more concerned about the quality of the yogurt while some of them were concerned about the yogurt’s price or vice versa. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Competitors We had identified four close competitors of Natureview Farm’s yogurt. These top four competitors are Dannon, Yoplait, Breyers and Columbo. Dannon and Yoplait are controlling over 50% of the yogurt market share. As indicated in the supermarket Channel’s pie chart, we could see that Dannon holds 33% of yogurt market share whereas Yoplait holds 24%. The sales of these yogurts are conducted through two dominant distributor channels which are supermarket and natural foods channel.As we could see in the natural foods channel, Natureview Farm was leading which holds 24% of yogurt market. Other than these, these yogurts revenues were also generated through warehouse clubs, conveniences stores, drug stores and mass merchandisers. * * * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel Based on yogurt market segmentation by distribution channel, we could conclude that the distribution channels were divided into supermarkets and natural foods store. 97 % of yogurts were sold in the supermarkets while 3% of yogurts were sold in the natural foods store.The sales and distribution process of Channels Supermarket Channels Process Supplier aka manufacturer usually sends their product to a large distribution centre, which in turn shipped directly to the supermarket chain’s warehouse. The distributors and retailers charged a mark-up price on product that flowed through their warehouses or store. In order to place the product in the supermarket, manufacturer will required to pay one-off time â€Å"slotting fee† for each SKU only in the first year it was introduced and then to participate in regular trade promotions.If the SKU failed to show any profit for the supermarket within the year, the supermarket would discontinue the product and would require a new slotting fee payment if the manufacturer sought reauthorization of the SKU. Some key points in the distribution of supermarket channel process are as below: 1. The typical distributor margin is 15% and the typical retailer margin is 27% 2. Supermarket would charge in average of $0. 74 for 8-oz cup of yogurt, $2. 70 for 32-o cup of yogurt, and $2. 85 for 4-oz cup of multipack. Natural Food Channels processFirstly, manufacturer shipped the product to the natural wholesalers and then wholesalers will ship the products to the distributors which responsible to delivered product to the retailers. Distributors would deliver products individually to the retailers, and in some cases even stock the shelves a nd track paperwork. Lastly customer gets the product from the retailers. Natural Food retailers will charge the manufacturer for one time allotment of one free case of product for every new SKU authorized for distribution in its first year. Some key points in the distribution of natural food channel process are as below: 1.The typical natural food wholesaler margin is 7%, the natural food distributor margin is 9% and the typical retailer margin is 35% 2. Retailers would charge in average of $0. 88 for 8-oz cup of yogurt, $3. 19 for 32-o cup of yogurt, and $3. 35 for 4-oz cup of multipack. Exhibit: 1 – Length of channel to market Channel Margin Analysis By using Margin analysis , we can identify the profitability of these channels and we can indicate which channel would provide the expected revenues of Natureview Farm. This analysis is based on the given point in the case study and each of the analysis is divided based on type of yogurt size.The results are as below. 1. Result of Natural Foods Channel | | Unit Cost for 8-oz cup| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 0. 31| 36%| 0. 48| 0. 17| 56%| Wholesaler| 0. 48| 7%| 0. 52| 0. 04| 8%| Distributor| 0. 52| 9%| 0. 57| 0. 05| 10%| Retailer| 0. 57| 35%| 0. 88| 0. 31| 54%| Customer| 0. 88|   |   |   |   | | | | Unit Cost for 32-oz cup| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 0. 99| 44%| 1. 75| 0. 76| 77%| Wholesaler| 1. 75| 7%| 1. 89| 0. 13| 8%| Distributor| 1. 9| 9%| 2. 07| 0. 19| 10%| Retailer| 2. 07| 35%| 3. 19| 1. 12| 54%| Customer| 3. 19|   |   |   |   | | | | Unit Cost for 4-oz multipack| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 1. 15| 69%| 1. 84| 0. 69| 60%| Wholesaler| 1. 84| 7%| 1. 98| 0. 14| 8%| Distributor| 1. 98| 9%| 2. 18| 0. 20| 10%| Retailer| 2. 18| 35%| 3. 35| 1. 17| 54%| Customer| 3. 35|   |   |   | à ‚  | 2. Result of Supermarket Channel | | Unit Cost for 8-oz cup| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 0. 31| 32%| 0. 6| 0. 15| 48%| Distributor| 0. 46| 15%| 0. 54| 0. 08| 18%| Retailer| 0. 54| 27%| 0. 74| 0. 20| 37%| Customer| 0. 74|   |   |   |   | | | | Unit Cost for 32-oz cup| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 0. 99| 41%| 1. 68| 0. 69| 69%| Distributor| 1. 68| 15%| 1. 97| 0. 30| 18%| Retailer| 1. 97| 27%| 2. 7| 0. 73| 37%| Customer| 2. 7|   |   |   |   | | | | Unit Cost for 4-oz multipack| Contribution Margin Rate| Unit Selling Price| Contribution Margin Unit| % Mark up| Manufacturer| 1. 15| 35%| 1. 77| 0. 62| 54%| Distributor| 1. 77| 15%| 2. 8| 0. 31| 18%| Retailer| 2. 08| 27%| 2. 85| 0. 77| 37%| Customer| 2. 85|   |   |   |   | As you can see, % mark-up in Natural foods channel is higher compared to supermarket channel in all sizes of yogurt in the manufacturer phase which means higher profitability. Natural food channel is able to cost more to the customer compared supermarket channel due to lower price sensitivity among natural foods customers as well as % mark-up from the Natural foods wholesaler. SWOT Analysis The overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is called SWOT analysis.It’s a way of monitoring the external and internal marketing environment. External Marketing (Opportunity and Threat) Analysis: Opportunities 1. Supermarket channel will provide the company's noteworthy potential of growth for getting higher revenues. 2. Yogurt sales through natural food stores had grown 20% per year. 3. Through the supermarket channel, the price of the product can be lower. Threats 1. The main competitors in the supermarket channel are getting stronger with the top four competitors which are Dannon, Yoplait, Breyers and Colombo. . Company may have to repositi on Internal Marketing (Strength and Weakness) Analysis: Strengths 1. Natureview is a major and trusted brand for the natural food channel and has developed strong relationships with leading natural food retailers 2. Natureview has a strong reputation for high quality and great taste. 3. Natureview’s yogurt has longer average shelf life compare other products. 4. The company has rapid growth revenue from $100,000 to $13 Million within 10 years. 5. Natureview is a leader distributor of natural food channel. 6.Strong operational efficiency because the company is using creative , low-cost â€Å"guerrilla marketing† Weaknesses 1. Natureview will heavily depend on its broker’s knowledge of promotional and merchandising requirement. 2. Inadequate operational capacity because unable to generate the volume requirements needed to meet consumer demand of other distribution channels. 3. Relatively small company compared with other potential competitors in supermarket channe l. 4. Natureview only invested 3% of total expenses in research & developments which cause discourage product innovation.Analysis of Strategic planning Options The company has three options needed to be analyzed and be identified which option will help the company to achieve their goal. Each of the options has their own importance and benefits however they also have some limitation attached on them. Option 1: The first option was strongly advocated by Vice president of sales Walter Bellini. The idea is to expand six SKUs of the 8-Oz. product line into one or two selected supermarket channel regions. Pros: 1. 8-Oz cups have the highest demand in the refrigerated yogurt market and will be able to provide the expected revenues. . Based on other natural food brands success in expanding their product in the supermarket channel has shown significant proves Natureview’s product will have a high chance of success. 3. Natureview is the leading natural’s foods brand of refrigera ted yogurt and have uniquely positioned to capitalize on the growing trend in natural and organic foods. 4. Natureview will have the advantage as the first brand to enter the channel due to supermarket channel will likely to give permission only to one natural yogurt manufacturer. Natureview will be the first mover in this channel 5.Some industry experts predicted unit volume growth of organic product at supermarket will be at 20% per year from 2001 to 2006. Cons: 1. The 8-Oz cups size received the highest level of competitive in trade promotions and marketing budget. 2. The management had estimated for comprehensive advertising plan will cost $1. 2 million per region per year and Natureview’s sales, general and administrative expenses (SG& A) would increase by $ 320,000 annually. 3. Due to Lack of experience in supermarket channel, their broker might take advantage of their relationship with top supermarkets retails chains in Northeast and West. . This option might create di rect competition with national yogurt manufacturer. 5. Might create conflict of channel between supermarket and natural food stores. Option 2: The second option was advocated by the vice president of operations Jack Gottlieb. The idea is to expand 4 SKUs of the 32-Oz. Based on the giving points; we can identify the pros and cons as below: Pros: 1. The gross profit margin for the 32-oz cups is higher at 43. 6 % compared to 8-oz cups at 36%. 2. This size of 32-oz cups was potentially become stronger competitive advantage like longer shelf life and lower marketing expenses. 3.This brand had achieved a 45% share of this size segment in the natural foods channel. 4. The management also assume that the company could sell 5. 5 million incremental units in the first years by expand more in supermarket retails across the united state. Cons 1. This option will have higher slotting fees due to national distribution. 2. There are no guaranteed customer acceptances towards the multi-use size of yogurt. 3. With the additions to sales headcount for the 32-oz,that will increase the SG& A cost to $160,000. 00 4. They also concerned on sales team’s ability to achieve full national distribution in 12 months. . Might create conflict of channel between supermarket and natural food stores. Option 3: The third option was advocated by Walker’s colleague’s Kelly Riley, the assistant marketing director, she supported the idea to introduce two SKUs of a children’s multi-pack into the natural food channel. Based on her arguments, we can identify the pros and cons as below: Pros 1. Natureview Farm is the established leader in the natural food channel and has a strong relationship with the leading food natural food channel retailers. 2. Sales and marketing expenses were the lowest compared to other options. 3.Choosing this option will allow the company to have more time to prepare before entering the supermarket channel. 4. The financial potential was very attra ctive with expected high margin of 37. 6%. 5. Natureview product positioning is ideal for the new Multi-pack product launch. Cons 1. Natureview Farm will miss the opportunity to enter the supermarket before competitors. Supermarket retailer would likely authorize only one organic yogurt brand. 2. Natureview‘s marketing department was unprepared to handle the demands on resources and staffing that will be needed once the company entered the supermarket channel.Option financial Overview Based on the case study, we have analyzed all three options that Natureview Farm tried to include in their future business plan. For the first option, Natureview Farm idea is to expand 6 SKU’s into supermarket channel with 8 – oz cups to get more profit. Refer to appendix 1; Natureview Farm total estimated for investment expenses is quite higher than another option. However, even though Natureview spend more for the investment; we can see that total expected profit is positively inc reased by annually.To get expected for this option need For option two, Natureview Farm next idea is to expend 4 SKU’s 32-oz into supermarket channel to their future business planning because their product is longer shelf life. Based on appendix 2, the investment plan is lower than option 1. The investment has divided to four regions for selling. Even through the management estimated that they can sell this brand with higher sold, the cost of the good sold also is quite higher and this is expenses will affect the profitability of goods sold. The last option is Natureview Farm plan to expand 2 SKU’S 4-oz multipack into natural food channel.Refer to appendix 3, we can see that the cost of goods sold is quite higher even through this idea not involved slotting fee, the estimated annual profit is not shown in positive way. Based on the calculation, the cost of goods sold and estimated annual profit is shown the selling product is lower profitability. Based on the financial analysis, we can identify some trends: The highest Profitability is option 1. Based on the graph, the higher of total investment expenses are option 1. The higher Investment ROI is option 3. RecommendationsAfter all analysis that we have done in this case study, our recommendation for Natureview Farm for their future planning are option 1. This is because based on our analysis; we can see option 1 is the best choice to get more profitability in 5 years onward as planning. This option is to expand 6 SKU’s of the 8-oz size into eastern and western supermarket regions. Even though the risk of going to supermarket channel is higher, Natureview Farm should expand into this channel because as we can see, two natural food companies expanded into this channel and increased their revenues by 200 %.To achieve their mission, they need to take the risks for get their estimated projected net profit. In addition, entry to this supermarket channel with 8 –oz size is more viable than option 2 where to expend into this channel with 32 –oz cup size. The 8 –oz size price initially attempt to negotiate retail price more than 32-oz size where the price of product will also affect the consumer choice. This option focuses on regional distribution instead of national, which should make it easier to implement this product information to region consumer.The level of education and higher income of consumer is also a reason for consumer to buy this natural food product. Natureview Farm can also market their product to this type of consumer with our product advantages such as the product has a longer shelf life, uses natural ingredients and uses only organic ingredients. The next recommendation strategy is, Natureview farms need to utilize more advanced in monitoring the technology and systematic management to keep track the trends so that they always be the consumer choice in natural food products.To become a successful natural food company in this channel, t hey need to be more systematic and always have good relationship with media, consumer and retailer. References 1. http://www. investopedia. com/terms/g/guerrilla-marketing. asp 2. http://Prezi. com/natureview – farms. 3. http:// www. slideshare. net/nature -view-case ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Based on investopedia. com, Margin analysis uses the percentage calculation to provide a comprehensive measure of a company's profitability on a historical basis (3-5 years) and in comparison to peer companies and industry benchmarks. 2 ]. Based on investopedia. com, Mark-up is the difference between an investment's lowest current offering price among dealers and the higher price a dealer charges a customer. [ 3 ]. Guerrilla Marketing is different than traditional marketing in that it often relies on personal interaction and has a smaller budget, and it focuses on smaller groups of promo ters that are responsible for getting the word out in a particular location rather than on wide-spread media campaigns.