Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. Answer: Introduction With definition to psychology, every human mind or individual has two sides of the personality. Sometimes under circumstances of strain, the shadow side of the human mind forces the individual to exhibit and initiate a certain pattern to respond against certain situations giving rise to a feeling of threat or anxiety (Charney et al., 2013). This essay deals with an example of a film character undergoing a series of disorders (anxiety) and explains about the etymology of the disorder with relevance to the respective model and classification. This essay further entails about the treatment that can be used to treat these kinds of disorders with contrast to the best treatment for this disorder. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and understand about the anxiety disorders along with its etymology and treatment with contrast to the film character portraying the disorder in this essay. This also helps in analyzing and relating the different aspects along with the behavioral criterion to classify this disorder with both reality and fantastical culture. Situational analysis As per the topic, the character upon which the analysis has been done is Bill Murrays portrayal of a psychologically challenged individual in a film named What about Bob?. In this movie Bob (Bill Murray) is a patient of a psychiatrist named Dr. Leo Marvin (Played by Richard Dreyfuss). In this film, another colleague who was fed up, treating Bob has referred Bob to Dr Marvin. This movie portrays Bob as a complete collection of anxiety disorders (phobias) or in other words, he is an individual with multiple anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia (fear of being in places with difficult exit), nosemaphobia (fear of illness), spermaphobia (fear of germs), hydrophobia (fear of water), achluophobia (fear of darkness) and tonitrophobia (fear of thunderstorms). Not just these bob has fear of elevators, fear of height along with dependency disorder, multiple personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Ollendick, King Yule, 2013). Etymology and symptoms of anxiety disorder As per the topic, the character in the movie portrays a various kind of phobia or anxiety disorders. In other words, the character undergoes severe anxiety or panic attacks due to certain situations that effectively triggers the behavior and reaction like trauma and tends to stay in a state of panic and anxiety at all times (Charney et al., 2013). According to the etymology, anxiety disorder is a group of mental disorder that is characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear regarding some uncertain events that may or may not occur in the future. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as increased heart beating, shakiness, numbness, dryness in the throat, fear, perspiration, breathlessness and avoidance (Willgoss Yohannes, 2013). In simple words, anxiety disorder or phobia is a kind of behavioral disorder, where an individual faces two or more phobias at the same time (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, it can be justified that anxiety disorders are accompanied by or follows a chain of disorders such as schizophrenia, avoidant personality disorder and depression (McCance Huether, 2015). As depicted in the movie, Bob faces anxiety disorder, which in turn is teamed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and avoidant personality disorder (Iverach Rapee, 2014). Therefore, the theory about anxiety disorder has been justified and correctly portrayed in the film. Nonetheless, the demonstration of the symptoms as explained in theories has been rightly illustrated in the film, with clear exhibition of tension, avoidance and feelings of threat. Therefore, with comparison to the literary context, Bob clearly meets the Diagnostics and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)V criteria for multiple specific phobias, which is common and it can be added that phobia tend to be formal revolving around emotional or painful events, though no insight has been provided regarding Bobs past life (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Best treatment approach with contrast to the film Based on the theories of treating this disorder, it can be proposed that anxiety disorders are the most easy and treatable form of disorders, than the other psychological disorders, as classified under DSM V (McCance Huether, 2015). In other words, the treatment is highly effective and more likely to produce positive outcomes or reduction in the symptoms. Based on the theories and research works, it can be considered that Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for treating such conditions (Wells, 2013). However, other treatment methods tend to be ineffective for the same. Some of the other approaches are effective such as supportive psychotherapy and psychodynamic or psychoanalytic therapies, nonetheless, the results are unpredictable. Effective use of medications containing beta-blockers like Propranol (please note that these medications should be taken under physicians instructions only) can help reduce the reception of catecholamine, thus strengthening emotional or fearful memories (Steenen et al., 2016). However, it can be analyzed that Bobs behavior are presented as general anxiety disorder and depression with OCD focusing on the contamination and the safety. Nonetheless, the problems are not represented to be potentially physical with no relevance to glucocortcoids, serotonin or dopamine but his unrealistic choice of not acting and baseless fear (Willgoss Yohannes, 2013). In addition, the film portrays a fictional best seller, which is a book of treating anxiety disorder with no professional help but self-help by taking Baby Steps or one by one step to move away from the fear. With contrast to reality, this is predominantly conditional and depends on the patient undergoing the crisis. It can further be added, that Dr. Marvin uses a simplified model of cognitive behavior therapy, which in turn proved beneficial in the treatment as well as used as one of the best methods of treating the disorder, in the realistic situation (Christophersen Vanscoyoc, 2013). This method in reality is only helpful in treating children but effective in treating adults as well. The film exhibits some exposure therapy, which was consistently ineffective for reducing the fear (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Thus, it can be concluded that helplessness and glucocorticoid levels cannot be altered easily, whereas the mere proclivities can be changed under circumstances. It can also be contrasted that in the first scene of the movie, refusing to treat the patient, by the first psychiatrist before coming to Dr. Leo Marvin can be classified as one unprofessional move in practicing psychiatry, which is in turn holds no connection with reality. Conclusion (Personal Judgment) With help of this essay, it can be concluded that the film contain some faintly realistic treatments such as the casual use of CBT, exposure and systematic desensitization therapy, while the character of Bob Wiley portrays a humoristic reality of the individuals undergoing anxiety attack with close relevance to the symptoms and etymology of the disorder. However, it can be concluded that even though the film is entertaining, it somewhat misrepresents the conditions portrayed by ignoring the neurological changes associated with such kind of disorders. It can further be added that the defeat of Leo Marvin as a doctor and emerging of Bob Wiley as a winner is considerable uplifting yet a demoralizing of the practice and treatment. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub. Charney, D. S., Buxbaum, J. D., Sklar, P., Nestler, E. J. (Eds.). (2013).Neurobiology of mental illness. Oxford University Press. Christophersen, E. R., Vanscoyoc, S. M. (2013).Treatments that work with children: Empirically supported strategies for managing childhood problems. American Psychological Association. Iverach, L., Rapee, R. M. (2014). Social anxiety disorder and stuttering: Current status and future directions.Journal of fluency disorders,40, 69-82. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2015).Pathophysiology-E-Book: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., Yule, W. (Eds.). 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